如何处理Android中不推荐使用的类以保持兼容性

|| 当我将所有东西都围绕Android 2.2 Froyo构建时,我将重新使用我之前使用的应用程序。 我已经为最新的API更新了我的SDK,并注意到不赞成使用我使用的ClipboardManager功能。我更新了代码以使用更新的ClipData模型,并在Froyo手机上对其进行了尝试,当然,在新代码中我收到了NoClassDefFoundError。 我已经看过SO了,还没有找到有关维护向后兼容性的通用策略的任何真正讨论。 我不确定要如何处理这种情况以及API不同的其他情况,因为我希望所有版本的用户都可以使用我的应用。 我应该做如下检查吗?
if(version == old){
   use old API;
} else {
   use new API;
}
如果是这样,我在我的课程中已经弃用了代码,Eclipse将永远在那儿发出警告。 另一方面,我可以针对旧版本的API进行构建,并希望新版本可以正常运行。但是,当有更好的选择时,我冒着针对bug或低性能代码进行构建的风险。 处理此问题的最佳方法是什么?     
已邀请:
        您可以执行此操作(检查API版本)。 您也可以使用反射来调用较新的类。 我不会担心使用不赞成使用的方法,因为所有Android版本都是向后兼容的,因为您要注意3.0 Honeycomb的使用情况,因为它们有点不同。 这是关于如何使用反射的说明:(是的,以前曾经在SO上使用过,所以也许搜索反射) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNmohaZYvPw&feature=player_detailpage#t=2087s 我正在考虑使该项目可用,但在此之前这里是一些代码: (您可以在扩展Application的类中进行此操作,即一次性设置)
 public static Method getExternalFilesDir;

    static {
            try {
                    Class<?> partypes[] = new Class[1];
                    partypes[0] = String.class;
                    getExternalFilesDir = Context.class.getMethod(\"getExternalFilesDir\", partypes);
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, \"getExternalFilesDir isn\'t available in this devices api\");
            }
    } 
现在getExternalFilesDir()仅在API级别8或更高版本上可用,因此如果他们有(Froyo),我想使用它,但否则我需要其他方法。 现在,我对可以继续尝试使用的方法进行了测试:
  if(ClassThatExtendsApplication.getExternalFilesDir != null){
            Object arglist[] = new Object[1];
            arglist[0] = null;  
            File path = (File) ClassThatExtendsApplication.getExternalFilesDir.invoke(context, arglist);
           // etc etc
  } else {
      // Not available do something else (like your deprecated methods / or load a different class / or notify they should get a newer version of Android to enhance your app ;-))
  }
希望可以帮助和捷径很多谷歌搜索:-) 附言如果在其他情况下仍要使用已废弃的方法,则只需在其上方添加
@SuppressWarnings(\"deprecation\")
注释即可。这将消除警告,并且由于正确的原因而做了此操作,因为您尽可能使用最新的API。     
首先,@ Graham Borland是正确的。您可以选择使用旧的API,这可以完全解决问题。但是,您的软件将不会进化,不会遵循API的改进,最终将与不再受支持的android版本匹配。 我要提出的设计模式是基于自省的,但是提供了比@Blundell提出的解决方案更好的编程接口。 我认为它足够强大,可以激发出解决此常见问题的标准方法。它基于Stack Over Flow和其他论坛上的许多帖子。 首先,您需要为要实现的服务定义一个接口。您将能够使用感兴趣的API的不同版本来实现此服务的不同版本。 确实,由于我们将在此处共享一些代码以加载不同的实现,因此我们选择使用抽象类。它将定义公共方法签名为接口bu还将提供静态方法来加载您的不同实现。
/**
 * Interface used to interact with the actual instance of MessageManager.
 * This inteface allows will be the type of the reference that will point 
 * to the actual MessageMessenger, which will be loaded dynamically.
 * @author steff
 *
 */
public abstract class MessageManager {

    /** Request code used to identify mail messages.*/
    public final static int FOR_MAIL = 0x3689;
    /** Request code used to identify SMS messages.*/
    public final static int FOR_SMS = 0x3698;

    /**
     * Start an activity inside the given context. It will allow to pickup a contact
     * and will be given an intent code to get contact pick up.
     * *@param the request code. Has to be a constant : FOR_MAIL or FOR_SMS
     */
    public abstract void pickupContact(int code);//met

    /**
     * Start an activity inside the given context. It will allow to pickup a contact
     * and will be given an intent code to get contact pick up.
     * *@param the request code. Has to be a constant : FOR_MAIL or FOR_SMS
     */ 
    public abstract void sendMessage(int code, Intent data, final String body);//met

    /**
     * Static methode used as in factory design pattern to create an instance 
     * of messageManager. Here it is combined with the singleton pattern to
     * get an instance of an inherited class that is supported by current android SDK.
     * This singleton will be created bu reflexion. 
     * @param activity the activity that needs messaging capabilities.
     * @return an instance of an inherited class that is supported by current android SDK or null, if not found.
     */
    public static MessageManager getInstance( Activity activity )
    {
        MessageManager instance = null;
        try {
            Class<? extends MessageManager> messageManagerClass = (Class<? extends MessageManager>) activity.getClassLoader().loadClass( \"ca.qc.webalterpraxis.cinedroid.message.MessageManagerSDK7\" );     
            Method singletonMethod = messageManagerClass.getMethod(\"getInstance\", Activity.class );
            instance = (MessageManager) singletonMethod.invoke( null , activity);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            Log.e( \"CinemadroidMain\", \"Impossible to get an instance of class MessageManagerSDK7\",e );
        }//met  
        return instance;
    }//met
}//interface
然后,您可以使用不同版本的android SDK提供此抽象类的不同实现。 这种方法有些不同寻常的是,它是一种工厂设计模式,结合了单例设计模式。要求所有子类都是单例并提供静态getInstanceMethod。此抽象类的factory方法将尝试加载实现此接口的类。如果失败,则可以将需求降级为实现服务并基于较旧的APIS的类。 这是使用此接口发送邮件和短信的类的示例。专为Android SDK 7设计。
public class MessageManagerSDK7 extends MessageManager {

    /** Used for logcat. */
    private static final String LOG_TAG = \"MessageManagerSDK7\";

    /** Singleton instance. */
    private static MessageManagerSDK7 instance = null;

    /** Activity that will call messaging actions. */
    private Activity context;

    /** Private constructor for singleton. */
    private MessageManagerSDK7( Activity context )
    {
        if( instance != null )
            throw new RuntimeException( \"Should not be called twice. Singleton class.\");

        this.context = context;
    }//cons

    /**
     * Static method that will be called by reflexion;
     * @param context the activity that will enclose the call for messaging.
     * @return an instance of this class (if class loader allows it).
     */
    public static MessageManagerSDK7 getInstance( Activity context )
    {
        if( instance == null )
            instance = new MessageManagerSDK7( context );

        instance.context = context;

        return instance;
    }//met

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see ca.qc.webalterpraxis.cinedroid.model.MessageManager#pickupContact(int)
     */
    @Override
    public void pickupContact( int code )
    {
        if( code != FOR_MAIL && code != FOR_SMS )
            throw new RuntimeException( \"Wrong request code, has to be either FOR_MAIL or FOR_SMS.\");

        Intent intentContact = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI); 
        context.startActivityForResult(intentContact, code );
    }//met

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see ca.qc.webalterpraxis.cinedroid.model.MessageManager#sendMessage(int, android.content.Intent, java.lang.String)
     */
    @Override
    public void sendMessage( int code, Intent data, final String body )
    {
        //System.out.println( \"SendMessage\");
        if( code != FOR_MAIL && code != FOR_SMS )
            throw new RuntimeException( \"Wrong request code, has to be either FOR_MAIL or FOR_SMS.\");

        int icon = 0;
        int noItemMessage = 0;
        int title = 0;

        //set the right icon and message for the dialog
        if( code == FOR_MAIL )
        {
            icon=R.drawable.mail;
            noItemMessage = R.string.no_email_found;
            title = R.string.mail_error;
        }//if
        else if( code == FOR_SMS )
        {
            icon=R.drawable.sms;
            noItemMessage = R.string.no_number_found;
            title = R.string.sms_error;
        }//if


        //compose email or sms

        //pick contact email address
        final String[] emailsOrPhoneNumbers = (code == FOR_MAIL ) ? getContactsEmails( data ) : getContactPhoneNumber( data );         

        if( emailsOrPhoneNumbers == null )
        {
            new AlertDialog.Builder( context ).setIcon( icon ).setTitle(title).setMessage( noItemMessage ).show();
            return;
        }//if

        //in case there are several addresses, we handle this using a dialog.
        //modal dialog would be usefull but it\'s bad UI practice
        //so we use an alert dialog, async .. 
        //all this is poorly coded but not very interesting, not worth having a dedicated inner class
        if( emailsOrPhoneNumbers.length > 1 )
        {
            selectMultipleAndSend( emailsOrPhoneNumbers, body, code);
            return;
        }//if

        if( code == FOR_MAIL )
            sendMail( emailsOrPhoneNumbers, body );
        else
            sendSMS( emailsOrPhoneNumbers, body );

    }//met

    private void sendMail( String[] emails, String body )
    {
        if( body == null )
        {
            new AlertDialog.Builder( context ).setIcon( R.drawable.mail ).setTitle(R.string.mail_error).setMessage( R.string.impossible_compose_message ).show();
            return;
        }//if
        //prepare email data

        try {
            Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);  
            i.setType(\"message/rfc822\") ; 
            i.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, emails );
            //i.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, emails);
            i.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, context.getString( R.string.showtimes ) );  
            i.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,body);  
            context.startActivity(Intent.createChooser(i, context.getString( R.string.select_application ) ) );
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            new AlertDialog.Builder( context ).setIcon( R.drawable.mail ).setTitle(R.string.mail_error).setMessage( R.string.no_application_mail ).show();
            Log.e( LOG_TAG, \"No application found\", e);
        }//catch
    }//met

    private void sendSMS( String[] phoneNumbers, String body )
    {
        try {
            Intent sendIntent= new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

            if( body == null )
            {
                new AlertDialog.Builder( context ).setIcon( R.drawable.sms ).setTitle(R.string.sms_error).setMessage( R.string.impossible_compose_message ).show();
                return;
            }//if
            sendIntent.putExtra(\"sms_body\", body);

            String phones = \"\";
            for( String phoneNumber : phoneNumbers )
                phones += ((phones.length() == 0) ? \"\" : \";\") + phoneNumber;

            sendIntent.putExtra(\"address\", phones );
            sendIntent.setType(\"vnd.android-dir/mms-sms\");
            context.startActivity(sendIntent);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            new AlertDialog.Builder( context ).setIcon( R.drawable.sms ).setTitle(R.string.sms_error).setMessage( R.string.no_application_sms ).show();
            Log.e( LOG_TAG, \"No application found\", e);
        }//catch
    }//met

    /**
     * @param intent the intent returned by the pick contact activity
     * @return the emails of selected people, separated by a comma or null if no emails has been found;
     */
    protected String[] getContactsEmails(Intent intent)
    {
        List<String> resultList = new ArrayList<String>();
        //http://stackoverflow.com/questions/866769/how-to-call-android-contacts-list   
        Cursor cursor =  context.managedQuery(intent.getData(), null, null, null, null);      
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) 
        {           
            String contactId = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));

            // Find Email Addresses
            Cursor emails = context.getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTENT_URI,null,ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTACT_ID + \" = \" + contactId,null, null);
            while (emails.moveToNext()) 
            {
                resultList.add( emails.getString(emails.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.DATA)) );
            }//while
            emails.close();

        }  //while (cursor.moveToNext())        
        cursor.close();

        if( resultList.size() == 0 )
            return null;
        else 
            return resultList.toArray( new String[ resultList.size() ] );
    }//met

    /**
     * @param intent the intent returned by the pick contact activity
     * @return the phoneNumber of selected people, separated by a comma or null if no phoneNumber has been found;
     */
    protected String[] getContactPhoneNumber(Intent intent)
    {
        List<String> resultList = new ArrayList<String>();
        //http://stackoverflow.com/questions/866769/how-to-call-android-contacts-list   
        Cursor cursor =  context.managedQuery(intent.getData(), null, null, null, null);      
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) 
        {           
            String contactId = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));

            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME)); 

            String hasPhone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER));

            if ( hasPhone.equalsIgnoreCase(\"1\"))
                hasPhone = \"true\";
            else
                hasPhone = \"false\" ;

            if (Boolean.parseBoolean(hasPhone)) 
            {
                Cursor phones = context.getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, null,ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID +\" = \"+ contactId,null, null);
                while (phones.moveToNext()) 
                {
                    resultList.add( phones.getString(phones.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER)) );
                }
                phones.close();
            }
        }  //while (cursor.moveToNext())        
        cursor.close();

        if( resultList.size() == 0 )
            return null;
        else 
            return resultList.toArray( new String[ resultList.size() ] );
    }//met

    private void selectMultipleAndSend( final String[] emailsOrPhoneNumbers, final String body, final int code )
    {
        int icon = 0;
        int selectMessage = 0;

        //set the right icon and message for the dialog
        if( code == FOR_MAIL )
        {
            icon=R.drawable.mail;
            selectMessage = R.string.select_email;
        }//if
        else if( code == FOR_SMS )
        {
            icon=R.drawable.sms;
            selectMessage = R.string.select_phone;
        }//if

        final boolean[] selected = new boolean[ emailsOrPhoneNumbers.length ];
        Arrays.fill( selected, true );
        new AlertDialog.Builder( context ).setIcon( icon ).setTitle( selectMessage ).setMultiChoiceItems(emailsOrPhoneNumbers, selected, new OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
                selected[ which ] = isChecked;
            }
        }).setPositiveButton( R.string.OK, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                int count = 0;
                for( int s=0; s< selected.length; s ++ )
                    if( selected[s] )
                        count ++;

                String[] selectedEmailsOrPhoneNumbers = new String[ count ];
                int index = 0;
                for( int s=0; s< selected.length; s ++ )
                    if( selected[s] )
                        selectedEmailsOrPhoneNumbers[ index ++ ] = emailsOrPhoneNumbers[ s ];

                if( code == FOR_MAIL )
                    sendMail( selectedEmailsOrPhoneNumbers, body );
                else if( code == FOR_SMS )
                    sendSMS( selectedEmailsOrPhoneNumbers, body );
            }
        }).setNegativeButton( R.string.cancel , null ).show();
    }//met
}//class
您也可以提供其他选择。尝试一个接一个地加载它们,降序为android版本号。 使用Messenger服务非常简单:
MessageManager messageManager = MessageManager.getInstance( this );
如果为空,则没有匹配的服务。如果不为null,则通过MessageManager定义的接口使用。 通过包括实现的基础版本号,并构建一个小型总线以正确的顺序一个接一个地加载类,可以扩展该技术,甚至使其变得更干净。 欢迎所有反馈。 问候,  斯特凡     
        这是一个例子:
import android.os.Build;

public static int getWidth(Context mContext){
    int width=0;
    WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
    Display display = wm.getDefaultDisplay();

    if(VERSION.SDK_INT > VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB){                   
        Point size = new Point();
        display.getSize(size);
        width = size.x;
    } 
    else{ 
        width = display.getWidth();  // deprecated, use only in Android OS<3.0.
    } 
    return width;
} 
如您所见,代码部分:
  if(VERSION.SDK_INT > VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB){                   
            Point size = new Point();
            display.getSize(size);
            width = size.x;
        } 
仅适用于Android 3.0和更高版本,如果您希望此代码至少可用于Jelly Bean(Android 4.1),请使用:
  if(VERSION.SDK_INT > VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN){                   
            Point size = new Point();
            display.getSize(size);
            width = size.x;
        } 
  VERSION.SDK_INT框架的用户可见SDK版本;这是可能的   值在Build.VERSION_CODES中定义。 有关更多信息:Build.VERSION 而且您可以在此处查看VERSION_CODES的状态信息:Build.VERSION_CODES     
        您已经正确确定了两种可能的解决方案:在运行时确定要使用哪个API,或者始终使用旧的API。 如果有帮助,可能只有一年左右的时间,直到使用旧API的设备占安装基础的比例很小,您就可以完全切换到新API,而不必担心失去太多用户。     

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